가다

ភាសាកូរ៉េ

និរុត្តិសាស្ត្រ

ពាក្យ​ដែល​បាន​បញ្ជាក់​ជា​លើក​ដំបូង​នៅ​ក្នុងយ៉ងប៊ី អរឆនកា (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, ជាភាសាកូរ៉េកណ្តាល 가다〮 (Yale: kàtá).

ការបញ្ចេញសំឡេង

• IPA^(key): [ka̠da̠]
• Phonetic hangeul: [가다]

Revised Romanization? gada Revised Romanization (translit.)? gada McCune–Reischauer? kada Yale Romanization? kata Audio (file)

កិរិយាសព្ទ

가다 • (ខាដា, gada)

1. ទៅ

   가자! ― Gaja! ― តោះទៅ!

   សំឡេង (កូរ៉េងខាងត្បូង)

   (file)

   서울에 가요.​ ― Seour-e gayo. ― ខ្ញុំនឹងទៅទីក្រុងសេអ៊ូល

   សំឡេង (កូរ៉េងខាងត្បូង)

   (file)

   대화가 산으로 간다.

   Daehwa-ga saneuro ganda.

   ការសន្ទនាមិនទៅណាទេ

   (បកប្រែតាមព្យញ្ជនៈ, “ការសន្ទនានឹងទៅភ្នំ”)

   그들-은 개관식-에 참석하러 ^베이징-으로 갔다. (ផ្លូវការ)

   Geudeur-eun gaegwansig-e chamseokhareo Beijing-euro gatda.

   ពួកគេបានទៅទីក្រុងប៉េកាំងសម្រាប់ការបើក

   សំឡេង (កូរ៉េងខាងត្បូង)

   (file)

   Synonym: 예다 (yeda, archaic)

   ទំព័រគំរូ:ant

2. (auxiliary with -어) Marks a continuous action that either stretches from the present into the future, or involves physical movement away from the speaker.

   다 먹어간다. ― Da meogeoganda. ― I've almost finished my food.

   땅거미-가 찾아오고 석양-은 또 저물어 간다.

   Ttanggeomi-ga chajaogo seogyang--eun tto jeomureo ganda.

   Dusk has found its way, and the evening sun is setting again [and will continue to do so].

   ទំព័រគំរូ:ant

3. (of cracks and wrinkles) to appear

   금-이 간 유리 ― geum-i gan yuri ― glass that has cracked

4. (of time) to pass

   올해-도 또 다 갔다. ― Olhae-do tto da gatda. ― This year has all but passed away, too.

   Synonyms: 흐르다 (heureuda), 지나다 (jinada)

5. (specifically _ transitive) to last

   사흘-도 못 간 결심

   saheul-do mot gan gyeolsim

   a determination that did not last even three days

6. (colloquial) to be knocked out (e.g. by a blow, by alcohol, etc.)
7. (vulgar) to orgasm
8. Used as the verbal element for nouns related to understanding or interest.

   짐작-이 가. ― Jimjag-i ga. ― I can conjecture.

   관심-이 가. ― Gwansim-i ga. ― I'm interested in it.

   인정-은 못하겠는데 이해-는 가.

   Injeong--eun mothagenneunde ihae-neun ga.

   I might not be able to accept it, but I understand.

9. (euphemistic _ but not honorific) to pass away

Usage notes

• Transitivity: Korean verbs of movement are variably intransitive and transitive:
  • If the destination of the movement is not a space or only a small one, it is intransitive: 나무-에 가다 (namu-e gada, “to go to a tree”), 내 방-에 가다 (nae bang--e gada, “to go to my room”).
  • If the destination of the movement is an extended space into which one enters, it can be both transitive and intransitive with no significant change in meaning: ^중국-으로 가다 (Junggug-euro gada, “to go to China”), ^중국-을 가다 (Junggug-eul gada, “to go to China”). But intransitive use is rather more common, and transitive use may be understood as emphatic.
  • If the object is a path that one goes on, it is transitive: 길-을 가다 (gir-eul gada, “to go on a road”), 인도-를 가다 (indo-reul gada, “to go on the pavement”).
  • With the exception of "to last", which is always transitive, the various extended senses are intransitive.
• Conjugation: This verb has two forms for the plain-style 해라체 (haerache) imperative. The blunt form is regular: 가라 (gara, “Go!”). The less blunt form is irregular: 가거라 (gageora, “Go (well)!”). Other verbs with the irregular non-blunt form include 일어나다 (ireonada, “to get up”), 자라다 (jarada, “to grow”), 자다 (jada, “to sleep”), and compound verbs ending in this verb. Historically, this reflects the perseverance of the Middle Korean suffix (យេល: -ke-).

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the verb 가다 (gada): vowel-stem, 가(ga)-irregular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	간다 ganda	가 ga	가요 gayo	갑니다 gamnida
	Past	갔다 gatda	갔어 gasseo	갔어요 gasseoyo	갔습니다 gatseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	가느냐 ganeunya	가 ga	가요 gayo	갑니까 gamnikka
	Past	갔느냐 ganneunya	갔어 gasseo	갔어요 gasseoyo	갔습니까 gatseumnikka
Hortative		가자 gaja	가 ga	가요 gayo	갑시다 gapsida
Imperative		가거라, 가라 gageora, gara	가 ga	가요 gayo	갑시오 gapsio
Assertive		가겠다 gagetda	가겠어 gagesseo	가겠어요 gagesseoyo	가겠습니다 gagetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		가 ga	가서 gaseo	가니 gani	가니까 ganikka
Contrast		가지만 gajiman	가는데 ganeunde	가더니 gadeoni
Conjunction		가고 gago
Condition		가면 gamyeon	가야 gaya
Motive		가려고 garyeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		감 gam	가기 gagi
Past-tense verbal nouns		갔음 gasseum	갔기 gatgi
Determiners	Past	간 gan
	Present	가는 ganeun
	Future	갈 gal

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	가신다 gasinda	가셔 gasyeo	가세요, 가셔요 gaseyo, gasyeoyo	가십니다 gasimnida
	Past	가셨다 gasyeotda	가셨어 gasyeosseo	가셨어요 gasyeosseoyo	가셨습니다 gasyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	가시느냐 gasineunya	가셔 gasyeo	가세요, 가셔요 gaseyo, gasyeoyo	가십니까 gasimnikka
	Past	가셨느냐 gasyeonneunya	가셨어 gasyeosseo	가셨어요 gasyeosseoyo	가셨습니까 gasyeotseumnikka
Imperative		가시라 gasira	가셔 gasyeo	가세요 gaseyo	가십시오 gasipsio
Assertive		가시겠다 gasigetda	가시겠어 gasigesseo	가시겠어요 gasigesseoyo	가시겠습니다 gasigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		가셔 gasyeo	가셔서 gasyeoseo	가시니 gasini	가시니까 gasinikka
Contrast		가시지만 gasijiman	가시는데 gasineunde	가시더니 gasideoni
Conjunction		가시고 gasigo
Condition		가시면 gasimyeon	가셔야 gasyeoya
Motive		가시려고 gasiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		가심 gasim	가시기 gasigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		가셨음 gasyeosseum	가셨기 gasyeotgi
Determiners	Past	가신 gasin
	Present	가시는 gasineun
	Future	가실 gasil

Derived terms

(verbal expressions with nouns)

도망가다 (domanggada, “to run away”) 무리가 가다 (muriga gada, “to be strained, to be stressed”) 산으로 가다 (saneuro gada, “to diverge, to digress”) 손이 가다 (soni gada, “to take effort”) 시집가다 (sijipgada, “to be married (of a woman)”) 한물가다 (hanmulgada, “to be out of season”) 골로 가다 (gollo gada, “to die, to croak”)

(compound verbs with verbs)

가져가다 (gajyeogada, “to take away”) 걸어가다 (georeogada, “to walk”) 기어가다 (gieogada, “to crawl”) 나가다 (nagada, “to go out”) 내려가다 (naeryeogada, “to go down”) 넘어가다 (neomeogada, “to go to the other side”) 다녀가다 (danyeogada, “to pay a visit”) 달려가다 (dallyeogada, “to go in a hurry”) 데려가다 (deryeogada, “to take away”) 들어가다 (deureogada, “to go in”) 살아가다 (saragada, “to go through life”) 오가다 (ogada, “to come and go”) 올라가다 (ollagada, “to go up”) 지나가다 (jinagada, “to pass by”)

(other)

가다가 (gadaga, “from time to time”) 간데없이 (gandeeopsi, “without a trace”) 오명가명 (omyeonggamyeong, “while coming and going”) 저리 가라 (jeori gara, “enough with”)

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Middle Korean

Verb

1. (intransitive) to go (especially somewhere for a certain purpose)

   ទំព័រគំរូ:ant

2. (auxiliary with ) Marks a continuous action that either stretches from the present into the future, or involves physical movement away from the speaker.

   ទំព័រគំរូ:ant

Usage notes

Middle Korean had two (possibly three) verbs equivalent to Modern 가다 (gada, “to go”) or English "to go": , and / . The latter appears only in compound verbs and before the suffix . Some scholars believe that and were separate verbs.

It is believed that had a stronger emphasis on the purpose of the movement, while / had a stronger emphasis on the physical movement itself. For example, only is attested with a human indirect object (i.e. expressing "to go to a person [for something]"); the indirect objects taken by / are all real or metaphorical spaces. However, both could be used to translate the same Chinese verb, showing that the semantic distinction was not so strict.

Descendants

• កូរ៉េ : 가다 (gada)

References

• 김천학 (2004) , chapter 中(중)世(세)國(국)語(어) '가다, 니다, 녀다'에 관한 考(고)察(찰), in Eomun yeon-gu, volume 32, issue 4, pages 141—162
• 南(남)星(성)祐(우) (2020) , chapter 杜(두)詩(시)諺(언)解(해)의 同(동)義(의)語(어) 硏(연)究(구), in Hangugeosa yeon-gu, volume 6, pages 7—141